Archive for the ‘Cancer and Tumor’ Category
What are Chronic Leukemia?
There are several types of chronic leukemia cells depending altered. On the one hand, there are chronic lymphoproliferative syndromes, and other chronic myeloproliferative disorders.
Chronic lymphoproliferative syndromes are a series of diseases caused by the uncontrolled growth (neoplastic nature) of mature-looking cells that present with a peripheral blood involvement.
Most of these syndromes are caused by abnormal growth and proliferation of B lymphocytes Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is, in these syndromes, the most common in Western populations.
Chronic myeloproliferative syndromes are due to an alteration of stem cells or blood-forming, which is used to increase the number of precursor cells and mature cells derived from them. Among these syndromes, is chronic myeloid leukemia.
COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD
The bone marrow, which is inside the bones, is composed of hematopoietic cells by fat cells and supporting tissues.
Hematopoietic stem cells reproduce continuously to form new cells. Some of these, will turn new stem cells and others, when mature, will become red blood cells, white cells and platelets.
Red blood cells, erythrocytes or red blood cells are responsible, through a component called hemoglobin, carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon monoxide in the opposite direction. Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow at a rate of about two million per second. If they decrease, anemia will occur and will not be enough oxygen to the tissues.
Treatments and Effects Secondary of Gynecological Tumors
According tumor type and stadium in finds himself applies one different treatment. Health and patient age also are decisive choosing treatment strategy. Techniques are diverse and can use isolation or combined.
Surgery is treatment commonest allows kill cancer cells and if necessary, withdraw ovaries fallopian tubes u other bodies been affected by cancer or metastasis. Where what extracted be uterus technique called hysterectomy. The lymph nodes may be withdrawn surgically.
After surgery, patient feel inicial pains abdominal can mitigated with drugs. Also experience difficulties or discomfort urination. When ovaries or uterus been withdrawn besides physical pains women usually stage emotionally difficult; not gonna childlessness, and currently another couple has passed by same situation or someone talk becomes a necessity fundamental.
Also produces menopause abrupt causing many symptoms and inconvenience more intense than natural menopause that is slower and progressive. For this exist treatments like hormonal therapies surrogate. But recent experiments have questioned these treatments because can foster appearance other cancers.
Detection and Symptoms of Gynecological Tumors
The most common symptom of cancer of the uterus and cervix is abnormal vaginal bleeding. At first, this bleeding is a very watery fluid in which the amount of blood will be higher.
Be careful not to confuse it with the onset of menopause, should coincide with this period of life. Other signs are pain during sex or urination, or a general discomfort in the pelvic area.
The problem of ovarian cancer is that these symptoms come too late, so when it is detected, the disease is already at a very advanced and very difficult to solve.
Among the most used techniques to detect cancers of the female reproductive tract include:
* The pelvic examination: the doctor is done manually and includes the uterus, vagina, ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder and rectum. In the event that it detected an anomaly in the shape or size of these bodies would be to use imaging techniques such as ultrasound.
* According to a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, it is advisable to combine the Pap smear with a test for human papillomavirus, and that 93% of women with cancer of the cervix are infected with this virus. There is also a vaccine that has shown positive results when it comes to protecting women from contracting it. Doctors recommend getting vaccinated before starting a sexual activity.
Prevention and Risk Factors of Gynecological Tumors
A study by British and French researchers has concluded that the use of the pill as a contraceptive may promote the development of cervical cancer. And it is that this drug does not prevent infection, during sexual intercourse, human papilloma virus like or bacteria like chlamydia, whose infection can lead to cancer.
This risk increases with the length of time that has consumed the pill. The women who have used oral contraceptives for less than five years have a 10% chance of having a tumor of the cervix, while those who have used five to nine years, the percentage may reach 60%.
Getting the vaccine to immunize against the human papilloma virus before starting a sexual activity could also seems to prevent or at least reduce the chances of contracting cervical cancer, according to recent studies.
Smoking and sex before age 18 and switch many different sexual partners is another cause of these tumors. If a man has intercourse with a woman with cervical cancer risk increases because they are more likely to have been infected with a virus.
Types of Gynecological Tumors
It is a system to classify the severity of the cancer that includes data about its size, its spread to other organs or cell types that form. Criteria are used as the extension of the FIGO (International Federation of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians). This procedure is necessary to perform a physical examination, radiologic and biopsy studies.
The different stages where you can find ovarian cancer are:
* Stage I: the tumor affects only one or two ovaries.
* Stage II: Cancer is not limited to the ovaries, but remains within an area bounded by the pelvis (uterus, bladder or rectum).
* Stage III: Cancer has spread to the peritoneum (lining of the abdomen) and / or lymph nodes.
* Stage IV: distant metastases, or in other organs.
In cancer of the uterus may distinguish the following phases:
* Stage I: Cancer of the uterus that remains only in the central part of this, ie that has not spread to the neck.
* Stage II: Tumor invades cervix.
* Stage III: Cancer is found in areas outside the uterus, but within the area of the pelvis (although not in the bladder or rectum). For example in the lymph nodes.
* Stage IV: The bladder and rectum are affected. This stage also includes metastases in other parts of the body.
Gynecological Tumors Introduction
The ovaries are two and are in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. They have the shape and size of an almond, and produce both eggs and female hormones (estrogen and progesterone) that are responsible for shaping and feminine traits to the body and regulate menstruation and pregnancy among other things. Ovarian cancer accounts for 4% of tumors that affect women.
The ovarian cysts are benign tumors that usually disappear spontaneously. If they persist or grow, the doctor can remove them. There are three basic types of malignant tumors, which are formed on the surface of epithelial ovarian carcinoma are known and are the most common.
Also, but much less common, there might be cases of cancer in cells that produce eggs and tissue surrounding the ovary.
The most common metastatic ovarian cancer occur in the peritoneum, which is the sac lining the intestines.
In these cases there is ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdomen), while if they reach the blood or lymphatic system, cancer cells can travel throughout the body, which increase the likelihood of metastases in other parts of the body.
The neck of the uterus, also called cervix connects the vagina with the uterine cavity that is lined by the endometrium. Cervical cancer is also known as squamous cell carcinoma because the cells lining their surfaces are flat and thin, as if they were scales.
Description of Skin Cancer Types (Part 2)
Kaposi’s sarcoma: originates in the dermis but can also occur in internal organs.
Kaposi’s sarcoma in two forms:
The one that usually develops in people infected with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and children and young people of equatorial Africa. This form grows very fast and usually affects the internal organs.
Before the onset of the disease, tended to present only the elderly of European origin Mediterranean. In these people grows very slowly on the skin and rarely spreads.
In the first the characteristic appearance is a sin pink, red or purple, round or oval shape, anywhere in the body but more often in the face.
In the latter usually appears as a purplish stain or dark brown on the legs or toes. Tends to increase its depth, causing a bleeding ulcer. You can also spread up the leg.
Cutaneous lymphoma, occurs when skin cells (cells of the immune system or defense) become malignant. The dermis contains a considerable number of lymphocytes. The most common of these is the cutaneous T-cell lymphoma or mycosis fungoides.
It develops over many years, very slowly. In the initial stages, you may notice itchy skin and dark areas and provide dry. When the disease has developed is called mycosis fungoides.
Description of Skin Cancer Types (Part 1)
Squamous cell carcinoma (or squamous cell carcinoma) develops in the middle layers of the epidermis and accounts for 20% of all cases of skin cancer.
Usually occurs in areas that have been exposed to the sun, like the top of the nose, ears, forehead, upper lip and backs of hands.
You can also occur in areas of skin that have been in contact with chemicals that have undergone radiotherapy, or have been burned. In the genital area, appears less frequently.
Usually occurs usually a red bump and drive. Sometimes it may look, scaly, or bleed and develop a scab that never heals. As you have enlarged nodular and sometimes presents a warty surface. In the end, it becomes an open sore and growing into the underlying tissue.
Through the lymph system can extend to any body part, but this happens rarely. It is a tumor with a tendency to grow and be on the same site, once removed. But it tends to spread.
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of nonmelanoma skin cancer. About 75% of all skin cancers are basal cell carcinomas.
Skin Cancer Introduction
What is it?
Skin cancer is a disease caused by the development of cancerous cells in any of the layers of the skin.
There are two types: non-melanoma and melanoma.
The non-melanoma cancer is the most common and is called nonmelanoma because they formed from other skin cells are not accumulating pigment (melanocytes). Within this type are all skin cancers less malignant melanoma is less common and more malignant and explained below.
Skin cancer is most prevalent among white skinned people who have spent much time exposed to sunlight, especially when sun exposure occurred in childhood and there were numerous sunburn. Although it may appear anywhere on the skin, is more common than is presented on the face, neck, hands and arms.
This cancer is one of the most common of all cancers, and diagnosed an estimated two million new cases per year worldwide.
In recent years, the incidence of malignant melanoma has increased dramatically, has multiplied by 3.3 in males and 2.5 in women over the last twenty years in Spain. Despite this, less than 3% of all tumors and early detection campaigns have allowed the mortality is reduced by 30% since the seventies.
You can recognize a change in the appearance of the skin, like a wound that does not heal or a small bump. You may also see a red, rough or scaly skin with a tendency to grow.
Any changes or abnormality of the skin, one must see the doctor. It can extract and analyze a sample (biopsy) to check whether a tumor is malignant or not.
Skin Cancer In Young
Specialists of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) warned about increased skin or skin cancer at even younger due to lifestyles and fashion for a tan.
The most common cause of skin cancer is sunlight, but there are also environmental factors like pollution, not forgetting the genetic predisposition.
They indicated that this condition usually affected farmers, or people whose type of work spent time under the sun, now the problem is more widespread, changes in behavior (people going to the beach to swim but not tanning) . Read the rest of this entry »